Consonants
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DE |
AT |
CH |
Examples |
English approximation
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[[{{#invoke:IPA symbol|main}}]]
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main}}<ref name="fortislenis">In Austrian Standard German and Swiss Standard German, the lenis obstruents /b, d, ɡ, z, dʒ, ʒ/ are voiceless [b̥, d̥, ɡ̊, z̥, d̥ʒ̊, ʒ̊], and are distinguished from /p, t, k, s, tʃ, ʃ/ only by articulatory strength (/v/ is really voiced). This distinction is also retained word-finally. In German Standard German, voiceless [b̥, d̥, ɡ̊, z̥, d̥ʒ̊, ʒ̊] as well as [v̥] occur allophonically after fortis obstruents, and, in case of /b, d, ɡ/, often also word-initially. See fortis and lenis.</ref>
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ball
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[[{{#invoke:IPA symbol|main}}ç]]
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main}}
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hue
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[[{{#invoke:IPA symbol|main}}]]
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main}}<ref name="fortislenis"/>
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done
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[[{{#invoke:IPA symbol|main}}]]
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main}}
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fuss
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[[{{#invoke:IPA symbol|main}}ɡ]]
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main}}<ref name="fortislenis"/>
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guest
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[[{{#invoke:IPA symbol|main}}]]
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main}}
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hut
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[[{{#invoke:IPA symbol|main}}]]
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main}}
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yard
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[[{{#invoke:IPA symbol|main}}]]
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main}}<ref name="devoicing">In German Standard German, the voiced stops /b, d, ɡ/ are devoiced to [p, t, k] at the end of a syllable.</ref>
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cold
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[[{{#invoke:IPA symbol|main}}]]
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main}}
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last
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[[{{#invoke:IPA symbol|main}}̩]]
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main}}
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bottle
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[[{{#invoke:IPA symbol|main}}]]
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main}}
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must
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[[{{#invoke:IPA symbol|main}}̩]]
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main}}
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rhythm
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[[{{#invoke:IPA symbol|main}}]]
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main}}
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not
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[[{{#invoke:IPA symbol|main}}̩]]
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main}}
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suddenly
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[[{{#invoke:IPA symbol|main}}ŋ]]
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main}}
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long
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[[{{#invoke:IPA symbol|main}}ŋ̍]]
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main}}
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take an interest
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[[{{#invoke:IPA symbol|main}}]]
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main}}<ref name="devoicing" />
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puck
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[[{{#invoke:IPA symbol|main}}]]
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main}}
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cupfull
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[[{{#invoke:IPA symbol|main}}ʁ]]
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[[{{#invoke:IPA symbol|main}}]]
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main}}<ref name="r-allophones">Pronunciation of /r/ in German varies according to region and speaker. While older prescriptive pronunciation dictionaries allowed only [r], this pronunciation is nowadays found mainly in Switzerland, Bavaria and Austria, while in other regions the uvular pronunciation prevails, mainly as a fricative/approximant [ʁ]. In many regions except for most parts of Switzerland, the /r/ in the syllable coda is vocalized to [ɐ̯] after long vowels or after all vowels, and /ər/ is pronounced as [ɐ]</ref>
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DE: French rouge AT, CH: far (Scottish English)
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[[{{#invoke:IPA symbol|main}}]]
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main}}, Haus{{#invoke:Category handler|main}}, groß{{#invoke:Category handler|main}}
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fast
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[[{{#invoke:IPA symbol|main}}ʃ]]
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main}}
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shall
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[[{{#invoke:IPA symbol|main}}]]
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main}}<ref name="devoicing" />
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tall
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[[{{#invoke:IPA symbol|main}}]]
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main}}, Platz{{#invoke:Category handler|main}}
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cats
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[[{{#invoke:IPA symbol|main}}ʃ]]
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main}}
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match
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[[{{#invoke:IPA symbol|main}}]]
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main}}<ref name="fortislenis"/>
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vanish
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[[{{#invoke:IPA symbol|main}}]]
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main}}
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loch (no lock–loch merger)
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[[{{#invoke:IPA symbol|main}}]]
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main}}, diese{{#invoke:Category handler|main}}<ref name="fortislenis"/>
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hose
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[[{{#invoke:IPA symbol|main}}ʔ]]
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main}}<ref>Initial vowels are usually preceded by [[[{{#invoke:IPA symbol|main}}|ʔ]]], except in Swiss Standard German.</ref> ([bəˈʔamtət])
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the glottal stops in uh-oh!
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Non-native consonants
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[[{{#invoke:IPA symbol|main}}ʒ]]
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main}}<ref name="fortislenis"/>
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jungle
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[[{{#invoke:IPA symbol|main}}ʒ]]
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main}}<ref name="fortislenis"/>
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pleasure
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Stress
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[[{{#invoke:IPA symbol|main}}ˈ]]
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Bahnhofstraße{{#invoke:Category handler|main}} ([ˈbaːnhoːfˌʃtʁaːsə])
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as in battleship {{#invoke:IPAc-en|main}}
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[[{{#invoke:IPA symbol|main}}ˌ]]
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