::Cyber-attack
::concepts
Cyber::systems Computer::attacks Attack::cyber Their::system Hackers::critical Command::china
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Cyber-attack is any type of offensive maneuver employed by individuals or whole organizations that targets computer information systems, infrastructures, computer networks, and/or personal computer devices by various means of malicious acts usually originating from an anonymous source that either steals, alters, or destroys a specified target by hacking into a susceptible system. These can be labeled as either a Cyber campaign, cyberwarfare or cyberterrorism in different context. Cyber-attacks can range from installing spyware on a PC to attempts to destroy the infrastructure of entire nations. Cyber-attacks have become increasingly sophisticated and dangerous as the Stuxnet worm recently demonstrated.<ref>S. Karnouskos: Stuxnet Worm Impact on Industrial Cyber-Physical System Security. In:37th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON 2011), Melbourne, Australia, 7-10 Nov 2011. Retrieved 20 Apr 2014.</ref>
Cyber-attack sections
Intro Cyberwarfare and cyberterrorism Factors for cyber-attacks Professional hackers to cyberterrorists Sanctions for cyber-attacks Syntactic attacks and semantic attacks China, United States and others Infrastructures as targets See also References Further reading
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